Emergence and survival of Populus tremula seedlings under varying moisture conditions
نویسندگان
چکیده
Aspen produces large numbers of seeds, even though it mainly reproduces asexually with root suckers. The aim of this study was to find out how different moisture conditions affect emergence and survival of Populus tremula L. seedlings. This was studied with a sowing experiment (totally randomized factorial design). There were altogether 10 blocks, each containing 16 microsites and three treatments (sowing time, watering, sowing shelter) replicated twice in each block. Seedlings emerged on 56% of microsites. Sowing time affected seedling emergence. Both the proportion of microsites with seedlings and the number of seedlings per microsite were lower after first than after second sowing, when the weather was rainier. Watering increased the number of seedlings per microsite, but the proportion of microsites with at least one seedling was not affected. Sowing shelter had a negative effect on the seedling emergence, especially after second sowing. The survival of seedlings was low (10%) and strongly dependent on watering. The effect of block and its interactions with treatments indicated that seedling emergence and survival depended also on seedbed conditions. We conclude that sexual reproduction of aspen may occur in nature, but it is rare. The seeds also maintained their germinability longer than earlier observed. Résumé : Le peuplier produit de grandes quantités de graines même s’il se reproduit principalement de façon asexuée par drageonnement racinaire. Le but de cette étude consistait à élucider comment différentes conditions d’humidité affectent l’émergence et la survie de semis de Populus tremula L. grâce à une expérience d’ensemencement réalisée selon un plan factoriel complètement aléatoire. Il y avait au total 10 blocs contenant chacun 16 microsites et trois traitements (la période d’ensemencement, l’apport d’eau et l’ensemencement sous abri) répétés deux fois dans chaque bloc. Les semis ont émergé dans 56 % des microsites. La période d’ensemencement a affecté l’émergence des semis. Tant la proportion de microsites avec des semis que le nombre de semis par microsite étaient plus faibles après le premier que le second ensemencement lorsqu’il y avait plus de pluie. L’apport d’eau a augmenté le nombre de semis par microsite mais la proportion de microsites avec au moins un semis n’a pas été affectée. L’ensemencement sous abri a eu un effet néfaste sur l’émergence des semis, particulièrement après le deuxième ensemencement. La survie des semis était faible (10 %) et fortement dépendante de l’apport d’eau. L’effet de bloc et ses interactions avec les traitements indiquent que l’émergence et la survie des semis dépendaient également de l’état du lit de germination. Nous concluons que la reproduction sexuées du peuplier peut survenir en nature mais que cela est rare. Les graines ont également conservé leur pouvoir germinatif plus longtemps qu’on l’avait observé précédemment. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Latva-Karjanmaa et al. 2088
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